Kendra (Career Counseling)

The Theoretical Era can be divided into two categories: Modern and Postmodern. This blog will discuss one theory from the Modern Era,  Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments. Theorist: John Holland Summary Holland provides a practical applications for his theory  Recognizing individual differences and how various aspects of career theory can be applied to help clients describe their own unique career paths People can be characterized in terms of 6 categories Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC) The more closely people resemble a type, the more they exhibit the traits and behaviors of that type Categories differ in terms of interests, vocational and avocational preferences, goals, beliefs, values, and skills Using a hexagon can help visually understanding the calculus (or relationship) of one type to another The closer one type is to another, the more it resembles the other. The farther

The Theoretical Era can be divided into two categories: Modern and Postmodern. This blog will discuss one theory from the Modern Era, Super's Life-Span, Life-Space Theory of Career Development. Theorist: Donald Super Summary: This theory "organizes the concepts of life roles and life stages into an interactive system". Super believed that "career choice was a process, not an event." Super combines aspects of many different areas including developmental, differential, social, personality, and phenomenology psychology in a mash-up that drives this theory. Super's 14 Propositions The first 3 emphasize that people have different abilities, interest, and values no person fits only one occupation, and a variety of occupations are available for an individual The next 6 focuses on self-concept and its implementation in career choices The next 4 deal with the synthesis and compromise between individual and occupation as the focus for personality organiz

Time Frame : around 1914 to 1945 (From WW I to the end of WW II) Theorists : E.K. Strong and John Crites (differentiated between the different eras) Summary                                                                                                  Strong Interest Inventory Many tests were developed and used to measure aptitude, abilities, and interests.  This era focused a lot on developing, testing and analyzing measurements in different vocations. Merged Frank Parsons' vocational guidance with Alfred Binet's Intelligence Testing  Timeline 1927 : E. K. Strong wrote the Strong Interest Inventory 1930s : The Minnesota Mechanical Ability Tests were published and the Minnesota Employment Stabilization Research Institute was established at the University of Minnesota (conducted a lot of research projects and many tests were developed here) 1933 : The Wagner-Peyser Act was passed by Congress which created the U.S. Employment Service Psychologists were admin

Time Frame : mid 1800s into the early 1900s (around the same time of the Industrial Revolution and Progressive Movement) Theorists : Frank Parsons, Lysander Richards, and John Crites (differentiated between the different eras) Frank Parson - "the dominant visionary and architect of vocational guidance" Opened up the Vocational Bureau  Created the term "vocational guidance" Wrote  Choosing a Vocation (1909) Came up with Three Factors in wisely choosing a vocation Parsons Seven Steps (1909)   Personal Data  Self-Analysis The Person's Own Choice and Decision Counselor's Analysis Outlook on the Vocational Field Induction and Advice General Helpfulness in Fitting in the Chosen Work Used mental testing to measure mental capacities (in which we still use today) Additional Links : Parsons' Theory Youtube Video Reference:  Gysbers, N.C., Heppner, M.J. Johnston, J.A. (2014). Career Counseling: Holism, Diversity, and Strengths. Ale