The Empirical Era

Time Frame: around 1914 to 1945 (From WW I to the end of WW II)

Theorists: E.K. Strong and John Crites (differentiated between the different eras)


Summary                                                                                                
Strong Interest Inventory

  • Many tests were developed and used to measure aptitude, abilities, and interests. 
  • This era focused a lot on developing, testing and analyzing measurements in different vocations.
  • Merged Frank Parsons' vocational guidance with Alfred Binet's Intelligence Testing 
  • Timeline
    • 1927: E. K. Strong wrote the Strong Interest Inventory
    • 1930s: The Minnesota Mechanical Ability Tests were published and the Minnesota Employment Stabilization Research Institute was established at the University of Minnesota (conducted a lot of research projects and many tests were developed here)
    • 1933: The Wagner-Peyser Act was passed by Congress which created the U.S. Employment Service
  • Psychologists were administering tests to around 9 million soldiers during WWII 



Additional Links:
More Information on the Strong Interest Inventory
Short Clip on the Strong Interest Inventory

Reference: 
Gysbers, N.C., Heppner, M.J. Johnston, J.A. (2014). Career Counseling: Holism, Diversity, and Strengths. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

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