The Happenstance Learning Theory


The Theoretical Era can be divided into two categories: Modern and Postmodern. This blog will discuss one theory from the Modern Era, The Happenstance Learning Theory.

Theorists: John Krumboltz


Summary
  • The theory "is an attempt to explain how and why individuals follow different paths through life and to describe how counselors can facilitate that process"
  • Krumboltz believes that human behavior is a "product of countless learning experiences, both planned and unplanned" that produces "skills, interests, knowledge, beliefs, preferences, sensetivities, emotional, and future actions"
  • 9 Factors that Influence Individuals Behavior
    1. genetics
    2. learning experiences
    3. instrumental learning experiences
    4. associate learning experiences
    5. environmental conditions and events
    6. parents and caretakers
    7. peer groups
    8. structured educational settings
    9. the imperfect world we live in
  • 5 Actions to take when using HLT with clients
    1. Orient client expectations and help them understand that any possible anxiety they have is normal  
    2. Identify the clients' concerns as a starting point
    3. use client's successful past experiences with unplanned events as a basis of current actions 
    4. Sensitive clients to recognize potential opportunities and help them reframe unplanned events into positive opportunities
    5. Help clients overcome blocks to action 

    Additional Links: 
     YouTube Video 
    Article Link
    Reference:
    Gysbers, N.C., Heppner, M.J. Johnston, J.A. (2014). Career Counseling: Holism, Diversity, and Strengths. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

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