Kendra (Career Counseling)

The Theoretical Era can be divided into two categories: Modern and Postmodern. This blog will discuss one theory from the Postmodern Era, Constructivism/Social Constructionism. Theorists: Mark Savickas and others Summary: Constructivism: a type of learning theory that describes how individuals construct their own ideas about themselves, others, and their worlds as they try to make sense out of their real-life experiences Social Constructionism: covers a range of views from acknowledging how social factors shapes interpretations to how the social world is constructed by social processes and relational practices When using this theory, it “requires the counselor to enter into the psychosocial sphere of a person’s career system” Using the narrative approach within the career counseling process to help clients tell their story starting where they are in their own language Helping clients to describe their life career development past, present, and future...

The Theoretical Era can be divided into two categories: Modern and Postmodern. This blog will discuss one theory from the Modern Era, The Adult Career Development Transition Model.   Theorists: Nancy Schlossberg Summary: This model has three major parts. The first part focuses on appropriating the transition The second part deals with identifying coping resources The third part emphasizes strategies that can be used to take charge of the transition Three types of transitions Anticipated transition- This is caused by expected events that occur as a part of one’s life cycle Unanticipated transition-This is caused by life events that are not predicated. This type of transition is not planned for. Nonevent transition- This is caused by events that were anticipated and planned for that did not happen. Phases of transitions Pervasive, preoccupation, disbelief, a feeling of betrayal, confusion, anger, and finally resolution Four f...

The Theoretical Era can be divided into two categories: Modern and Postmodern. This blog will discuss one theory from the Modern Era, The Race/Gender Ecological Model of Career Development.   Theorists: Cook, Heppner, and O’Brien Summary: The model states, “human behavior results from the ongoing, dynamic interaction between the person and the environment. Behavior is the result of a muiptlicity of factors at the individual, interpersonal, and broader sociocultural levels.”   This theory has been used to understand and intervene in the vocational behavior of diverse women Example: women’s and girl’s issues related to education and the workplace, sexual violence, and legal issues   This model recognizes that every person has a gender and a race that shape an individual’s career throughout life Four subsystems that influence human behavior: The Microsystem - This includes the interpersonal interactions within a given environme...

The Theoretical Era can be divided into two categories: Modern and Postmodern. This blog will discuss one theory from the Modern Era, The Happenstance Learning Theory. Theorists: John Krumboltz Summary The theory "is an attempt to explain how and why individuals follow different paths through life and to describe how counselors can facilitate that process" Krumboltz believes that human behavior is a "product of countless learning experiences, both planned and unplanned" that produces "skills, interests, knowledge, beliefs, preferences, sensetivities, emotional, and future actions" 9 Factors that Influence Individuals Behavior genetics learning experiences instrumental learning experiences associate learning experiences environmental conditions and events parents and caretakers peer groups structured educational settings the imperfect world we live in 5 Actions to take when using HLT with clients Orient client expectations and...

The Theoretical Era can be divided into two categories: Modern and Postmodern. This blog will discuss one theory from the Modern Era,   Lent, Brown, and Hackett's Social Cognitive Career Theory. Theorists: Robert Lent, Steven Brown, and Gail Hackett Summary "Focuses on the personal constructions that people place on events related to career decision making" helps "explains the vocational behaviors of racial and ethnic groups and for its greater attention to contextual factors that influence career development" The theory was developed to explain The development of interests the choice of educational and career options Performance and persistence in educational and vocational realms The theory hypothesizes that "the self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectancies both predict academic and career interests" Self-efficacy beliefs: people's judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to attain de...

The Theoretical Era can be divided into two categories: Modern and Postmodern. This blog will discuss one theory from the Modern Era,  Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments. Theorist: John Holland Summary Holland provides a practical applications for his theory  Recognizing individual differences and how various aspects of career theory can be applied to help clients describe their own unique career paths People can be characterized in terms of 6 categories Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC) The more closely people resemble a type, the more they exhibit the traits and behaviors of that type Categories differ in terms of interests, vocational and avocational preferences, goals, beliefs, values, and skills Using a hexagon can help visually understanding the calculus (or relationship) of one type to another The closer one type is to another, the more it resembles the other. The...